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World War II; Photograph

Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) Italian Fascist dictator, on the evening of 10 June 1940 addressing the crowd in the Palazzo Venezia, informing them that Italy had declared war on France and Britain.

World War II; Photograph

Georges-Etienne Bonnet (1889-1973) French politician, leading figure in Radical Socialist Party. As Foreign Minister 1938-1939, supported Munich Agreement and appeasement. Supported Vichy government.

World War II; Photograph

German refugees at a German frontier station after the retaking of Bessarabia by Russia, 1940.

World War II; Photograph

Prince Paul of Yugoslavia, Regent 1934-1941, right, and the young Peter II, king of Yugoslavia 1934-1945, inspecting a parade at an officers' festival, Belgrade 1940.

World War I; Photograph

Bulgarian Army: Infantry practising gun drill, c1914.

World War II; Photograph

Soldiers who had fought in the Battle of France, 1940, being welcomed back in Unter den Linden, Berlin. Hitler called it 'one of the most glorious victories of all time' and bells across Germany rang for a week in honour of the victory.

World War II; Photograph

Following Battle of France and fall of Paris in May 1940, members of the British Expeditionary Force left in France after evacuation of Dunkirk made their way to Channel ports not yet in German hands to find transport to England.

Photograph

US President William Taft at unveiling ceremony for the memorial at entrance to Central Park, New York, to the battleship Maine which exploded in Havana harbour in Spanish-American War 1898. May 1913.

Civil; Engineering; Transport; Water

Perpendicular Canal Lift. Cranes hoisted a tub boat, the weight of which was counterbalanced by tub of water in shaft parallel to path of boat. Semaphore signal indicated status of boat. Not found practicable. From A Treatise on the Improvement of Canal Navigation by Robert Fulton (London, 1796). Robert Fulton (1765-1815) American engineer. Engraving.

Britain; Industry

Steel manufacture by the Bessemer process in operation in Sheffield, England. Molten metal from the Converter, centre right, is being poured from the bottom of a ladle into moulds. From Great Industries of Great Britain (London, c1880). Engraving.

Art; Propaganda

Spanish War Poster, c1935-1942, proclaiming strength in industry and agriculture.

Literature; Beard

Jules Verne (1828-1905) in 1888. French novelist. Photograph.

Religion; Christian; Literature; New; Testament; Death; Resurrection

Angel showing Mary Magdalene and the other Mary Christ's empty tomb. Mark 16.5. From Gustave Dore illustrated Bible 1865-6. Wood engraving

World War II; Photograph

Bomb damage in a suburban street. September July to May 1941 sustained bombing of British towns and cities, the Blitz, by the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) killed 43,000 civilians and injured 51,000, and destroyed one million homes.

Mining; Metal

Miners in Chihuahua, Mexico, ascending a mineshaft by means of crude steps carrying candles attached to sticks to light their way. Descending and ascending such shafts was a daily hazard. The state of Chihuahua has been a source of silver, gold and mercury for many centuries. From Underground Life; or, Mines and Miners by Louis Simonin (London, 1869). Wood engraving.

USA; Politician

Benjamin Harrison (1833-1901) 23rd President of the USA (1889-1893). Half-length portrait photograph.

USA; America; North; American; Indian; Indigenous; Twentieth century; 20th century

Portrait of a Tewa boy, head-and-shoulders, facing front, 1905. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952).

Spanish history; spain; royalty

Alfonso XIII 1886 ? 1941), King of Spain, posthumous son of Alfonso XII of Spain, proclaimed King at his birth. He reigned from 1886-1931. His mother, Queen Maria Christina, was appointed regent during his minority. In 1902, on attaining his 16th year, the King assumed control of the state. c1901.

Scientist; Astronomy; Mathematics

Pierre Simon Laplace (1749-1827), French mathematician and astronomer. [1833]. His five volume Mecanique celeste 1799-1825 was the greatest work on celestial mechanics since Newton's Principia. From The Gallery of Portraits, Vol. II, by Charles Knigght (London, 1833).

Spanish History

Francisco Franco (4 December 1892 ? 20 November 1975), Spanish General and dictator, head of state of Spain from October 1936 (whole country from 1939 on), and de facto regent of the nominally restored Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in November 1975.

USA; Scientist; Religion; Christian; Protestant

Gotthilf Henry Ernest Muhlenberg (1753-1815), American Lutheran minister and botanist. First President of Franklin College, Pennsylvania (1787). A member of the German-American family who led the Pennsylvania Lutheran community. Engraving, 1896.

Art

?Allegory of Prudence' 1565-1575. Titian, an old man; Orazio, his son, full of vigour; Marco, his young nephew yet to make his mark. Tiziano Vecellio called Titian (c1488/1490-1576) leading painter of the Venetian school in Italian Renaissance.

Photograph; world War I

Russian street scene, February 1918: Women and children wait in a long line to buy milk. A girl is selling apples.

British; Scientist

Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) Scottish bacteriologist. Discovered penicillin 1928. Photograph

Britain; England; Industrial; Revolution; Protest; Machine; Breaker; Nineteenth century; 19th century

William Horsfall, a Yorkshire merchant and manufacturer, being murdered by Luddites near Huddersfield, 1812. Etching from Camden Pelham The Chronicles of Crime, London 1887. Illustration by 'Phiz' (Hablot Knight Browne).

Religion; Worship; Christian; Judaism; Religious; Intolerance; Persecution

Service in the Synagogue during the reading from the Torah, interrupted by the entrance of an angry crowd led by a priest. Austrian school, 1868. Oil on canvas. Private collection.

Ancient; Civilisation; Deity

Mithras, ancient Persian god of light and ruler of universe, slaying the bull. Roman marble sculpture. AD100-150, Vienna, Kunsthistorische Museum.

Diplomacy; Middle; East; Twentieth century; 20th century

President Anwar Sadat (1918-1981) President of Egypt, centre, with the Israeli Prime Minister, Menachem Begin (1913-1992), at the start of his historic visit to Israel in 1977.

Science; Chemistry; Acid; Alkali; Literature; English

Cleopatra VII (69-30 BC) queen of Egypt, last ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty, dissolving pearls in wine. Illustration by Frederick Augustus Sandys (1832-1904) for Algernon Charles Swinburne's (1837-1909) poem published in The Cornhill Magazine London 1866.

Music; Musician

(Giuseppe) Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1721) Italian violinist and composer, son and pupil of Alessandro Scarlatti (1660-1725).

Alcohol; Brewing; Beer

Fermenting cellar in an American brewery. Wood engraving 1885.

Music; Musician

Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov (1844?1908) Russian composer, a master of orchestration. A member of The Five (Balakirev, Mussorgsky, Cui, Borodin ). Head-and-shoulders image.

Germany; Rebellion; Uprising

Wolfgang Kapp (1858-1922) German right wing nationalist and figurehead of the Kapp-Luttwitz Putsch of March 1920 which was an attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic.

Photograph

Italo Balbo (1896-1940) Italian Fascist, Blackshirt leader. Secretary of State for Air, 1926, Governor of Libya 1933. In World War II on 28 June 1940, landing on Italian airfield at Tobruk, shot down by 'friendly fire', some say assassinated.

America; American; Assassination

John F Kennedy motorcade, Dallas, Texas USA, 22 November 1963. Close-up view of President and Mrs Kennedy and Texas Governor John Connally and his wife. Photographer: Victor Hugo King.

USA; America; North; American; Indian; Indigenous; Twentieth century; 20th century

Photograph showing head-and-shoulders portrait of Native American man, 1902. Photographer by Gertrude K

Photograph; World War I

Admiral John Jellicoe (1859?1935) who commanded the British Grand Fleet at the Battle of Jutland (1916) in World War I. Jutland was an indecisive naval battle between heavily armed dreadnoughts. Head-and-shoulders portrait.

Photograph

Chinese justice: Prisoner, kneeling on chains, ankles in a form of stocks, outstretched arms supported by thumbs tied by cord to a pole. One of a pair of images from a stereographic card c1906. Criminal

french history

Henri Philippe P?tain 24 April 1856 ? 23 July 1951, Marshal P?tain was a French general, later Chief of State of Vichy France, from 1940 to 1944

Art

?Portrait of a Woman' 1908. Oil on canvas. Felix Edouard Vallotton (1865-1925) Swiss painter and printmaker. Waist length painting of woman in black hat with pink ribbon, semi-nude with one breast exposed.?

photograph; Coloured; british history

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (1874?24 1965) British statesman. He served as Prime Minister 1940-1945 and again 1951-1955

Germany; Diplomat; Statesman; Parliament; Twentieth century; 20th century

Von Bulow's last speech to the Reichstag, 16 June 1909. Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin von Bulow (1849-1929) German Foreign Secretary 1897-1909. Responsible for Weltpolitik - colonial expansion. Reichschancellor 1900-1909.

Civil; Engineering; Mechanisation; Machinery; Physics; Pneumatics

Germain Sommeiller's (1815-1871) compressed air rock drill used in the Mont Cenis and St Gothard railway tunnels. Sommeiller engineer of Mont Cenis tunnel. Wood engraving, Paris, 1874

Jewish; Zionism; Beard

Theodor (Binyamin Ze?ev) Herzl (1860-1904) born in Budapest, Hungary, founder the Zionist political movement. Head-and-shoulders profile photographic portrait.

British; Soldier; Napoleonic; Wars

Thomas Graham, Baron Lynedoch (1750-1843) Scottish general who fought in the Napoleonic Wars. He served under Sir John Moore in Portugal in the Peninsular campaign. Victorious at Barossa 1811. Commanded left wing at Vittoria 1813. Stipple engraving from History of the Wars Occasioned by the French Revolution... by CH Gifford (London, 1817).

USA; Racism

Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) African American educator and Civil Rights leader. Photographic portrait of Booker seated and holding a open book.

Information; Technology

Cray-2 supercomputer. NASA photograph.

Philosophy; Religion; Law

Grotius (Hugo de Groot) 1583-1645, Dutch theologian and jurist. Engraving after the portrait by Mierevelt.

Photograph

Wilhelm II (1859-1941) Emperor of Germany 1888-1918. Three-quarter length image of Wilhelm (William) in military uniform, hand on sword hilt.

France; Germany; Season; Winter; Weather; Snow

Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871: Prussian troops before Paris waiting for the sortie. One rifleman, bayonet fixed, sits on an upright piano keeping watch while his companions enjoy a meal and a smoke. Wood engraving, 17 December 1870.

Art; Food

?Still life with Lobster'. Oil on canvas. Anonymous French School. Arrangement of bread, shellfish, game, artichoke, fruit, wine and glass.

USA; North; America; Landscape; Nineteenth century; 19th century

View across large body of water, taken on the Harriman Alaska expedion,1899. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952).

Photograph

World War I 1914-1918: Forming shells in a German state munitions factory. Armaments, Labour, Female

Art; Greek; Odysseus

?Ulysses Lands on the Isle of Calypso' 1737. Oil on canvas. Ulysses, on way home from Trojan Wars, shipwrecked on Ogygia (Gozo?) and kept there for 7 years by the nymph. Calypso Pierre Charles Tremolieres (1703-1739) French painter.

Photograph

World War I 1914-1918: French soldiers relaxing between engagements, some smoking pipes and cigarettes, some drinking, looking at debris formed into a barricade. Paris, 1 April 1915.

Photograph

World War I 1914-1918: Women in a German state munitions factory working at a 125 ton grooving press.

USA; America; North; American; Indian; Indigenous; female; Craft

Indian woman and child weaving baskets.

USA; America; North; American; Indian; Indigenous; Twentieth century; 20th century

Head-and-shoulders portrait of a Nez Perc

USA; America; North; American; Indian; Indigenous; Female; Earrings; Twentieth century; 20th century

Tsawatenok girl, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing front, c1914. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952).

USA; America; North; American; Indian; Indigenous; Twentieth century; 20th century

Head-and-shoulders portrait of Navajo man, facing slightly right, wearing headband and silver squash blossom necklace.1906. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952).

USA; America; North; American; Indian; Indigenous; Twentieth century; 20th century

Two Native Americans looking over the edge of a cliff, c1912. Photograph by Roland W. Reed (1864-1934).

USA; America; North; American; Indian; Indigenous; Twentieth century; 20th century

Native North American Indian smoking cigarette. Photograph by Edward Curtis (1868-1952).

Art; Religious

Mary Magdalene'. Oil on oak panel. Saint Ambrosius Benson (c1495-1550) Flemish Northern Renaissance painter. Devoted follower of Jesus, here with pot of ointment which she poured over his head: Mark 13.3-9. Christian Saint

Print; Halftone

Grand Duke Constantine of Russia visiting the house of Joan of Arc at Domremy, France. St Joan or The Maid of Orleans (1412-1431) French national heroine. From 'Le Petit Journal', Paris, 15 June 1892.

Photograph

World War I 1914-1918: Krupp works, Essen, Ruhr, Germany, 1917. Using a hydraulic press to for a 100 ton block. Industry, Armaments, Factory, Forge, Metal

Art; Advertising

?Jerusalem Delivered' (1580) epic poem by Torquato Tasso, Italian poet. Fictionalised story of First Crusade 1095-1099. Crusaders processing to the Mount of Olives. Liebig Trade Card c1900. Chromolithograph.?

Art; Advertising

?Jerusalem Delivered' (1580) epic poem by Torquato Tasso, Italian poet. Fictionalised story of First Crusade 1095-1099. Tancredi, Christian knight, baptises the dying Muslim warrior maiden Clorinda he loves. Liebig Trade Card c1900.

Art

?Self-Portrait, 1896. Oil on canvas. Paul Gaugin (1848-1903) French Post-Impressionist painter.

Photograph

World War I 1914-1918: French victory celebrations 13-14 July 1919 - kissing the tricoleur. Paris, France, Flag, Patriotism

Photograph

World War I 1914-1918: French soldier's improvised method of using his rifle with a periscope, enabling him to fire without putting his head above protective sandbags. From 'Le Pays de France', Paris, 23 September 1915.

Photograph

World War I 1914-1918: The high road in wartime, 1915. Left is the German baggage train of horse-drawn carts. Right, the infantry carrying their rifles and backpacks. Centre, Motor vehicles. Military, Army

Art; Orientalist

Souvenirs of the East: The Mendicant', 1857. Oil on canvas. Amedeo Preziosi (1816-1882) Italian painter. Two meanings of Mendicant at church door; traditional beggars, right, a Religious living by receiving alms. Turkish Ottoman

Art; Painting; Nineteenth century; 19th centuryAncient; Greek

The Temple of Segesta': Achille Etna Michallo (1796-1822) French painter. Landscape with the late 5th century BC Hellenistic Doric temple of Segista, North West Sicily, in the centre.

Art; Mythology; Norse

?Woman in Purple Dress', 1874. Pal Szinyei Merse (1845-1920) Hungarian painter. Woman in violet trimmed with black, sitting on bank in flowery meadow. At her feet a Cowslip (Primula veris) the flower of Freya goddess of love.

Art; Genre; Happiness; Celebration; Family; Music; Musician; Seventeenth century; 17th century

Merry Company on a Terrace': Group eating and drinking in the open air under a pergola from which hangs a bird in a cage. Pet dog harnessed to child's wheeled toy. Young men play flute and mandolin. Jan Steen (1626-1679) Dutch painter.

Art; Portrait; Street; Trader; Food; Fish

?The Shrimp Girl', 1740-1745. Sketch. Oil on canvas. William Hogarth (1697-1764) English painter, printmaker, cartoonist.

Art

?Self-Portrait, 1880. Paul Cezanne (1839-1906) French Post-Impressionist painter.?

Art; Post-Impressionism; Nineteenth century; 19th century

Trees and a House', 1885-1886. Paul Cezanne (1839-1906) French Post-Impressionist painter.

Art; Post-Impressionist; Nude; Nidity; Swimming; Nineteenth century; 19th century

Study of Bathers' c1890. Oil on canvas: Paul Cezanne (1839-1906) French Post-Impressionist painter.

Art; Italy; Rome; Ancient; Roman; Ruins; 19th centuryNineteenth century

The Colosseum seen from the Farnese Gardens', 1826. Jean Baptiste Camille Corot (1796-1875) French painter, Barbizon School..

Art; Bidauld; Landscape; Italy; Nineteenth century; 19th century

View of Frascati', c1820. John Joseph Xavier Bidault (1758-1846) French painter. Bidault spent many years in Italy painting 'tourist' landscpaes.

Art; Landscape

?The Judgement of Paris', 1645-1646. Oil on canvas. Claude (c1604-1682 - Claude Gellee also Claude Lorrain) French painter. In Greek mythology Paris, son of Priam finding Aphrodite (Venus) the most beautiful.

Art; Advertising; Religion; Christian

?Clovis (c466-511) first King of the Franks. Clovis baptised at Rheims by Saint Remigius at Christmas 496, 498, or 506. Nineteenth century Trade Card Chromolithograph?

Art

A woman at the Piano' 1904. Woman in blue dress at piano by an open window. Felix Vallotton (1865-1926) Swiss painter and printmaker. Domestic Interior Music

Art; Religious

St Philip the Apostle Baptising the Eunuch' (detail) Oil on wood. Jan van Scorel (1495-1562) Dutch painter. Supposed beginning of the Ethiopian church. Water Purification Halo

Art

Wooded landscape with view across pond to church and red roofed buildings. In centre foreground two peasants walking with hunting dogs. Oil on canvas. Gillis van Coninxloo (1544-1607) Dutch painter of forests and landscapes.

Art; Religious; Medicine; 16th century

?St Roch or Roque of Montpellier (1295-1327). Oil on oak board. Barend van Orley (1487/1491-1541) Flemish Northern Renaissance painter. Roch distributing wealth, pilgrim to Italy, recovering from plague in forest, imprisoned.

Art; Genre

?Portrait of a Young Man', c1880. Oil on canvas. Head and shoulders of young man with thin Van Dyck beard and moustache, looking serious and perplexed. Fritz von Uhde Friedrich Hermann Carl Uhde 1848-1911) German painter.

Art; Poverty; Family

'The Poor Man's Death' c1850s. Jean Pierre Alexandre Antigna (1817-1878) French Realist painter. Body of pauper lies a mattress on the floor, his grieving widow and children huddle together beside him.

Art

Building Labourers - Masons' oil on canvas by Theophile Alexandre Steinlen (1859-1923) Swiss painter. Three workmen stand in conversation.

Scientist; Science; Medicine; Chemistry; Iatrochemistry; Sixteenth century; 16th century

Paracelsus (Theophrastus Bombastus Von Hohenheim) 1493-1541. Swiss-born German physician and alchemist. First to describe Silicosis. Connected Goitre with minerals in drinking water. Recognised importance of chemistry in medicine (Iatrochemistry).

Literature; Theatre

?Ophelia and Laertes' oil on canvas. Painting by William Gorman Wills (1828-1891) Irish artist. Laertes comforting his sister Ophelia, and incident in the play 'Hamlet' by William Shakespeare.

Scholar

Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) Indian philosopher and poet.

France; Second; World; War

World War II: Paris, July 1940: Belgian refugee families waiting at the Gare du Nord to be repatriated. By this time, Paris was under German occupation

British; English; Literature; Playwright; Theatre; Comedy; Law; Order

William Shakespeare Much Ado About Nothing, play first performed c1598. Dogberry, Constable of the watch, instructing his clerk to write down replies given by Conrade and Borachio: Act 4 Sc 2. There is evidence that the part of Dogberry was written for the Elizabethan comedian William Kemp or Kempe (d1603). Chromolithograph after illustration by Robert Dudley (fl1858-93) for edition of Shakespeare's works published London 1856-1858.

British; English; Literature; Playwright; Theatre; Comedy; Law; Order; Deflation; Humiliation; Practical; Joke; Trick

William Shakespeare The Merry Wives of Windsor, play first performed 1597 or 1600. Falstaff, having kept his supposed assignation with in Windsor Forest Mistress Ford as Herne the Hunter and been pinched and punched by 'fairies' says 'I do begin to perceive that I am made an Ass'. Act 5 Sc 5. Chromolithograph from illustration by George Cruikshank from edition of Shakespeare's works published London 1856-1858.

Entertainment

Still from the film Day of the Daleks c1967. Peter Cushing, British actor, as Dr Who.

Art; Chromolithograph

World War I British poster for the Polish Victims Relief Fund, 1915. Homeless Polish men, women and children carry their few possessions away from a burning village.

Russian art; russian history

Wassilij Iwanowitsch Surikow (1848?1916) Morning of Execution of Streltsy 1881. The Streltsy Uprising of 1698 ) was an uprising of the Moscow Streltsy regiments.

Art

William III (1650-1702) from 1672 Stadtholder William III of Orange, from 1689 William III of England and Ireland and William II of Scotland. Portrait after original of 1677 by Peter Lely. Armour Helmet War Battle Protestant